Cultural Elements in Translation Essay Example for Free

Cultural Elements in Translation Essay Different languages result in different world views. Different languages direct their speaker to a certain way of thinking and paying attention to certain aspects of the world around them. So translation is not only finding the best equivalent but also finding appropriate ways of saying things in another language. The main problem for a translator is to maintain the local color of source text (foreignization) or to adjust the text according to the culture of the target audience (domestication). One of the main goals of literary translation is show the sensibilities of the source-language culture to the target-language audience. Transmitting cultural elements is not an easy task. The translator should not only be a bilingual but also a bicultural. S/he should be familiar with the author’s intentions and readers’ expectations. S/he should study the history, social structure, religion, traditional customs and norms of both source and target texts which s/he is going to translate. Some of the problems which an Indian translator (or maybe any translator) faces during translating culture-specific items are as follows: * Translating proper names * Translating grammatical forms which show respect and euphemism * Translating social relationships * Translating life-style and values * Translating symbols * Translating habits * Translating national or religious ceremonies * Translating customs and traditions * Translating religious acts, myths and legends * Translating geographical and environmental phenomena So the translator should not stick to word-by-word translation but s/he should substitute certain elements in the work. S/he should attempt to transmit cultural quality from one language to another.

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Essay #3 Through chapters seventeen to twenty one, in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, a few new aristocrats are introduced as Mr. Rochester’s guests. Among these guests there is a significant character called Blanche Ingram. Jane is soon to find out about the relationship between Mr. Rochester and Miss Ingram, they are engaged. During the week that Mr. Rochester was away, Jane came to a realization of her feelings towards Mr. Rochester. However she kept telling herself that she had no business with Mr. Rochester except a strict business relationship as his governess. And that the only thing he should be giving her is the money she earns and that is it. However after a few days Mr. Rochester comes back with a group of aristocrats. Although he has guests he intends to impress, he still calls down Jane every evening. Because she is not in their ranks she is mainly ignored, but because Mr. Rochester calls her down, she is forced to sit in the window seat and simply watch them. In these gatherings, Miss Blanche and her mother treat Jane cruelly. They insulted her not directly but by her position. They talked badly about how much they dislike governesses and tutors and about how difficult they would make their lives. However Jane could really see inside Miss Ingram. She spent those days observing mainly the relationship held by Mr. Rochester and Miss Ingram and came up with the conclusion that â€Å"Miss Ingram was a mark beneath jealousy: she was too inferior to excite feeling. Pardon the seeming paradox; I mean what I say. She was very showy, but she was not genuine; she had a fine person, many brilliant attainments, but her mind was poor, her heart barren by nature; nothing bloomed spontaneously on that soil; no unforced natural fruit del... ... still, without weapons a silent conquest might have been won.†(chap. 18, pg 196) Jane was confident of her charm that she had over Mr. Rochester, and although she didn’t interfere, there wasn’t any trace of jealousy, except possibly some hurt, because Mr. Rochester would choose to marry someone who he doesn’t love but is in the same social class, rather than someone who he does love, and loves him back but isn’t in the same status as him. Overall although everything was happening so fast, soon we find out that Miss Ingram was only interested in Mr. Rochester’s wealth, and probably thought that since he was older, and not that attractive he would be easy to get a hold of, since she knows that she is beautiful, and sort of a snob. Even so we also find out that Mr. Rochester lead on Blanche Ingram, making her think he wanted to marry her, simply to get Jane Jealous.

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McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright  © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Conceptual Framework of the Book: The Gaps Model of Service Quality 2 2-2 Variations of the Gaps Model Five Service Quality Gaps Variations of the Gaps Model Six Service Quality Gaps Variations of the Gaps Model 13 Service Quality Gaps (Gaps Model gone wild) Chapter Conceptual Framework of the Book: The Gaps Model of Service Quality ? The Customer Gap ? (Sometimes referred to as Gap 5) 2 ? The Provider Gaps: ? Gap 1 – The Listening Gap ? not knowing what customers expect Gap 2 – The Service Design and Standards Gap ? not having the right service designs and standards ? Gap 3 – The Service Performance Gap ? not delivering to service standards ? Gap 4 – The Communication Gap ? not matching performance to promises ? Putting It All Together: Closing the Gaps 2-6 Chapter Conceptual Framework of the Book: The Gaps Model of Service Quality 2 †¢ The Customer Gap Chapter 3 – Customer Expectations of Service Chapter 4 – Customer Perceptions of Service 2-7 Chapter Conceptual Framework of the Book: The Gaps Model of Service Quality 2 Gap 1 – Not Knowing What Customers Expect (The Knowledge Gap) Chapter 5 – Listening to Customers through Research Chapter 6 – Building Customer Relationships Chapter 7 – Service Recovery 2-8 Chapter Conceptual Framework of the Book: The Gaps Model of Service Quality 2 †¢ Gap 2 – Not Having the Right Service Quality Designs and Standards (The Service Design and Standards Gap) Chapter 8 – Service Innovation and Design Chapter 9– Customer-Defined Service Standards Chapter 10 – Physical Evidence and the Servicescape 2-9 Chapter Conceptual Framework of the Book: The Gaps Model of Service Quality 2Gap 3 – Not Delivering to Service Standards (The Service Performance Gap) Chapter 11 – Employees’ Roles in Service Delivery Cha pter 12 – Customers’ Roles in Service Delivery Chapter 13 – Managing Demand and Capacity 2-10 Chapter Conceptual Framework of the Book: The Gaps Model of Service Quality 2 Gap 4 – Not Matching Performance to Promises (The Communication Gap) Chapter 14 – Integrated Service marketing Communications Chapter 15 – Pricing of Services 2-11 Objectives for Chapter 2: The Gaps Model of Service Quality ? Introduce the framework, called the gaps model of service quality, used to organize this textbook. Demonstrate that the gaps model is a useful framework for understanding service quality in an organization. ? Demonstrate that the most critical service quality gap to close is the customer gap, the difference between customer expectations and perceptions. ? Show that four gaps that occur in companies, which we call provider gaps, are responsible for the customer gap. ? Identify the factors responsible for each of the four provider gaps. 2-12 Gaps Model of Service Quality 2-13 The Customer Gap Think about a service you receive. Is there a gap between your expectations and perceptions of that service?What do you expect that you do not receive? 2-14 Key Factors Leading to the Customer Gap Customer Gap Customer Expectations ? Provider Gap 1: Not knowing what customers expect ? Provider Gap 2: Not selecting the right service designs and standards ? Provider Gap 3: Not delivering to service standards ? Provider Gap 4: Not matching performance to promises Customer Perceptions 2-15 Gaps Model of Service Quality ? Customer Gap: ? difference between customer expectations and perceptions ? Provider Gap 1 (Listening Gap): ? not knowing what customers expect ? Provider Gap 2 (Service Design & Standards Gap): not having the right service designs and standards ? Provider Gap 3 (Service Performance Gap): ? not delivering to service standards ? Provider Gap 4 (Communication Gap): ? not matching performance to promises 2-16 Provider Gap 1 CUSTOMER Customer expectations Perceived Service COMPANY Gap 1: The Listening Gap Company perceptions of customer expectations 2-17 Key Factors Leading to Provider Gap 1 2-18 Provider Gap 2 CUSTOMER COMPANY Customer-driven service designs and standards Gap 2: The Service Design and Standards Gap Company perceptions of customer expectations 2-19 Key Factors Leading to Provider Gap 2 2-20 Provider Gap 3 CUSTOMERCOMPANY Service delivery Customer-driven service designs and standards Gap 3: The Service Performance Gap 2-21 Key Factors Leading to Provider Gap 3 2-22 Provider Gap 4 CUSTOMER COMPANY Gap 4: The Communication Gap External Service delivery communications to customers 2-23 Key Factors Leading to Provider Gap 4 2-24 Gaps Model of Service Quality 2-25 Gaps Model of Service Quality Think about a service that you receive regularly and put yourself in the wish mode. How would you change the service and the way it is provided? 2-26 Gaps Model of Service Quality Think about a service that you receive regularly and put yourself in the wish mode.How would you change the service and the way it is provided? †¢ I wish my oil change service could be done at my home, or where I work, so that I would not have to drive to a specific location and wait in line. †¢ I wish my dry cleaning service would pick up clothes from my home and deliver them to my home. †¢ I wish my bank would allow me to make additional mortgage payments (or, student loan payments) online rather than having to physically go into the bank and execute a teller-assisted transaction. †¢ I wish my gas station would check under the hood of my car like they used to do many years ago. -27 Gaps Model of Service Quality †¢ If you were the manager of a service organization and wanted to apply the gaps model to improve service, which gap would you start with? †¢ Why? †¢ In what order would you proceed to close the gaps? 2-28 Gaps Model of Service Quality If you were the manager of a serv ice organization and wanted to apply the gaps model to improve service, which gap would you start with? Why? In what order would you proceed to close the gaps? The most efficient way to use the gaps model is to begin with provider gap 1, determining what customer expectations are.This allows the company to concentrate on the factors that will have the greatest impact on improving service quality. Following the gap 1 with gap 2, then gap 3 is the best progression. Gap 2 ideally would result in service design and service standards that are based on gap 1’s findings about customer expectations. Then gap 3, the most complicated gap to close, would be informed by what is found in the first two gaps. 2-29 Gaps Model of Service Quality †¢ Can provider gap 4, the communication gap, be closed prior to closing any of the other three provider gaps? †¢ How? 2-30 Gaps Model of Service QualityCan provider gap 4, the communication gap, be closed prior to closing any of the other t hree provider gaps? How? Gap 4, which deals with lowering customer expectations, can be closed at any time. While the first three gaps are concerned with raising company performance to meet expectations, gap 4 aims to lower customer expectations to meet perceptions. The two approaches to closing the customer gap operate on different principles and therefore can occur independently. Incidentally, closing gap 4 can be more economical than closing the other gaps. 2-31 Gaps Model of Service Quality Which of the four provider gaps do you believe is hardest to close? †¢ Why? 2-32 Gaps Model of Service Quality Which of the four provider gaps do you believe is hardest to close? Why? Gap 3 is the hardest to close because it requires coordination of all of the human resources issues in a company—training, incentives, communication, hiring, teamwork, and empowerment. Changing any one of these is difficult but changing them all, and getting them coordinated with each other, is extre mely challenging. In addition to the employee factors that must be considered in closing gap 3, the customer must be managed. -33 DETERMINANTS OF PERCEIVED SERVICE QUALITY Ways to Use Gap Analysis ? Overall Strategic Assessment: ? How are we doing overall in meeting or exceeding customer expectations? ? How are we doing overall in closing the four company gaps? ? Which gaps represent our strengths and where are our weaknesses? 2-35 Ways to Use Gap Analysis ? Specific Service Implementation ? Who is the customer? What is the service? ? Are we consistently meeting/exceeding customer expectations with this service? ? If not, where are the gaps and what changes are needed? (Examine gaps 1-4 for this particular service. ) 2-36

Medici Godfathers Of The Renaissance Vi

The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance Viewing Guide 1. To what era did people of the Renaissance look back to as the golden age of human life? What city, which was the birthplace of Cosmic d' Medici and the center of this new movement? 2. What huge gamble did Comic's dad take that put the Medic's on the map? Describe in detail. 3. What project had the people of Florence failed to complete? Who tried to complete this failure? How did he prove he could do it? 4. What happened to Cosmic in Florence thanks to the Labials family? How did he get UT of it?Once exiled, how did he get out of that? What power did the people of Florence give to him as a result? 5. Describe the relationship the Medici bank had with the church. What did they collect for the Pope? From where did they collect this? 6. What is patronage? How did Cosmic use it to lead to political influence and power? 7. What was Brutishness's problem when it came to completing the dome of the Doom? How did he prove to his worker s that it could be done? 8. Who becomes first citizen of Florence after the death of Cosmic? What infamousItalian organization does the video compare his government, leadership style, and system of favors to? 9. Who were the main rivals to Lorenz once he came to power? What incentive did the church have to bring down the Medici? In what type of plot, on Easter Sunday, did these two come together? What was the result and aftermath of the plot? 10. After sorting out is enemies, what did Lorenz take/get from Florence? How did he use his money and power and what title did he receive? What famous Renaissance artist did he discover at a young age as a result of this?

Tyranny vs. monarchy essays

Tyranny vs. monarchy essays One cannot accurately define monarchy versus tyranny. It is a matter of personal opinion. This opinion is based on fundamental ideals and values that an individual has formed throughout his life. monarchy becomes a tyranny when the monarchy has lost the sincere desire for the happiness for the population. Now, the road to achieving happiness is conceptually different in almost every culture. The concept of happiness in America is a big house, fast cars, seventy-two inch plasma flat-screen with the bling-bling. This is not the version of happiness prevalent in many collectivist societies. Radical Muslims loath America for being tyrannical capitalists. At which form of influence on Dahls scale does one label a persuasive action as tyrannical? At what point does imposing a majority view on a minority become tyrannical? These questions have to be gauged by societal and cultural standards. Nations have a penchant for being very narrow-minded when viewing other leaders. Societies tend to judge foreign societies actions based upon an ethnocentric view of the world by relating it to themselves and there own culture and then passing judgement accordingly. For example, many Americans value individualistic ideals and some will see a communist state as tyrannical. If one has formed a set of values that value private property highly, he may feel a socialist government is tyrannical. Many Americans view Islamic states to be tyrannical on the basis that women are subordinated in that society without respecting thousands of years of culture. Here is a brief theoretical case study. The dictator from politically unstable Poptrunkistan massacres a bunch of his own people protesting at a town square. People would be quick to label that leader as tyrannical. However, the dictator may justify his actions, and rightly so, by saying he was motivated by the possibility of saving thousands more from the civil war that may have bec ...

Bose-Einstein Condensate Definition

Bose-Einstein Condensate Definition Bose-Einstein condensate is a rare state (or phase) of matter in which a large percentage of bosons collapse into their lowest quantum state, allowing quantum effects to be observed on a macroscopic scale. The bosons collapse into this state in circumstances of extremely low temperature, near the value of absolute zero. Utilized by Albert Einstein Satyendra Nath Bose developed statistical methods, later utilized by Albert Einstein, to describe the behavior of massless photons and massive atoms, as well as other bosons. This Bose-Einstein statistics described the behavior of a Bose gas composed of uniform particles of integer spin (i.e. bosons). When cooled to extremely low temperatures, Bose-Einstein statistics predicts that the particles in a Bose gas will collapse into their lowest accessible quantum state, creating a new form of matter, which is called a superfluid. This is a specific form of ​condensation which has special properties. Bose-Einstein Condensate Discoveries These condensates were observed in liquid helium-4 during the 1930s, and subsequent research led to a variety of other Bose-Einstein condensate discoveries. Notably, the BCS theory of superconductivity predicted that fermions could join together to form Cooper pairs that acted like bosons, and those Cooper pairs would exhibit properties similar to a Bose-Einstein condensate. This is what led to the discovery of a superfluid state of liquid helium-3, ultimately awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics. Bose-Einstein condensates, in their purest forms, experimentally observed by Eric Cornell Carl Wieman at the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1995, for which they received the Nobel prize.   Also Known As: superfluid

Evaluating Finances of A Non Profit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluating Finances of A Non Profit - Essay Example Casey Foundation). Headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland, the Annie E. Casey Foundation has been working to promote the well-being of our nation’s most vulnerable children for 60 years. Established in 1948 by UPS co-founder Jim Casey and his siblings in honor of their mother, the Foundation’s first grants supported a camp for disadvantaged children near the Casey family home in Seattle (The Annie E. Casey Foundation). The Company’s funding happens through certain programs like Casey Family Programs, an independent operating foundation headquartered in Seattle, which provides long-term foster care and other child and family serving programs and Juvenile Detention Alternative Initiatives etc. The Annie E. Casey Foundation makes grants that help states, cities, and neighborhoods create more innovative, cost-effective responses to these needs. Grant making is limited to initiatives in the United States that have significant potential to demonstrate innovative policy, service delivery, and community supports—especially investments that encourage long-term strategies and partnerships to strengthen families and communities. As of December 31, 2006, the Foundation has approved grant funds for payments to various organizations and projects of up to approximately $173 million, contingent upon the organizations performance of obligations specified in the grant agreements. The Casey Foundation’s approach to grant making focuses on making multiyear, multi-site commitments that enables them to invest in long-term strategies and partnerships that strengthen families and communities. The organization uses its resources to partner with and forge collaborations among institutions, agencies, decision makers, and community leaders so they can work together to transform tough places to raise families.   The organization also funds research, technical assistance, and multi-site demonstrations that help service and support